The concept of 'procedure established by law' as mentioned in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is borrowed from which country?
Answer: Option C
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, stating that "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty 11 except according to procedure established by law." 12 This phrase was interpreted to mean any law enacted by a competent legislature, drawing inspiration from the Japanese Constitution. However, the Supreme Court's interpretation has evolved over time to include principles of natural justice.