The Khilafat movement in India (early 20th century) drew inspiration from the historical concept of the Caliphate, which had its medieval roots in:
Answer: Option B
The Khilafat movement in British India aimed to support the Ottoman Caliphate, which was seen as the symbolic head of the Sunni Muslim world, a tradition with roots in the medieval Abbasid Caliphate. (This question connects medieval history to later events.)